Q: My company has recently changed its health-benefits plan and now offers a healthcare flexible-spending account. Is this something I should consider?
A: I’m always pleased to hear that an employer is adding to their benefits plan, rather than cutting benefits, so that’s certainly a plus for you! A flexible spending account might be a good idea for you, depending on your circumstances. Here’s a little more detail about how it works.
A flexible spending account, offered as an elective benefit by many employers, permits workers to contribute, through payroll deduction, to accounts that are designated for specific qualifying medical or dental expenses. If your employer makes an FSA available, the account typically is used in conjunction with your employer-sponsored medical plan for out-of-pocket costs not covered under the plan. All amounts contributed are pretax and funds are not taxed when spent on qualifying healthcare costs.
Eligibility
FSAs are employer-based; self-employed individuals are not eligible. To participate, you usually must enroll through your employer each year, even if you do not want your deduction amounts to change from year to year. (Some plans vary.) Employers generally offer enrollment during open enrollment periods, when you enroll for the entire plan year. If you want to change or revoke your election before the end of the plan year, you typically can do so only if your plan permits a change due to circumstances in your employment or family status.
Contributions
Before contributing to an FSA, you must first designate how much you want to contribute for the year, based on an estimate of your expected out-of-pocket costs. Your employer will then deduct amounts from your paycheck in accordance with your annual election. Although there is no IRS limit on the amount of money you or your employer can contribute to the accounts, each plan prescribes either a maximum dollar amount or a maximum percentage of your salary that can be contributed.
You do not pay federal income tax or employment taxes on the salary you contribute or on any amounts your employer may contribute to the FSA. Amounts contributed that are not spent by the end of the plan year are forfeited. For this reason, it is important not to overestimate the expenses you expect to incur during the year.
Eligible expenses
Eligible expenses include most of the out-of-pocket costs not fully covered by your health plan, including co-payments, deductibles, vision care, prescriptions, over-the-counter medicines, dental care, tests and medical supplies, among others. See IRS Publication 502 for a more detailed list of qualifying expenses. Generally, allowable items are the same as those that qualify for the medical tax deduction, although you cannot deduct expenses paid from your FSA account on Schedule A of your federal tax return.
Filing claims
In order to use funds set aside in your FSA, you must either submit claims for reimbursement or use the debit card, credit card or stored-value card that may be provided by the vendor overseeing the FSA. Such cards allow you to access your FSA at specified healthcare providers and retail outlets that have an IRS-approved Inventory Control System. The dollar amount on the card is tied directly to your available FSA balance, and each purchase you make with the card draws from available funds in your healthcare FSA. For more information on reimbursement procedures or how to file claims, talk to your employee-benefits administrator.
Not for everybody
Whether an FSA will suit your needs depends largely on the out-of-pocket costs you expect to incur and how accurately you can predict them. If you expect to incur no more than a few hundred dollars over the course of the year, it may not be worth the trouble of setting up an FSA. On the other hand, for those with predictable medical costs or ongoing treatments that are not covered by an employer-sponsored medical plan, an FSA can be a good way to set aside funds while lowering your tax bill. Ultimately, the decision boils down to your particular circumstances and needs.
Jeremy Gussick is a financial consultant with LPL Financial, the nation’s largest independent wealth management firm. Jeremy specializes in the financial planning needs of the LGBT community. If you have a question for Jeremy, you can contact him at [email protected]. This article was prepared with the assistance of Standard & Poor’s and is not intended to provide specific investment advice or recommendations for any individual. Consult your financial advisor or Jeremy Gussick if you have any questions. LPL Financial, Member FINRA/SIPC.