Thirty years ago this month, two San Francisco men, fed up with government inaction as AIDS decimated the gay community, chained themselves to a federal building within sight of City Hall.
Their act of civil disobedience would inspire countless other activists to join them and, later, local political leaders. The demonstration, which became known as the ARC/AIDS Vigil (ARC standing for AIDS Related Complex), lasted a decade, the city’s longest-running protest.
It started Oct. 27, 1985, when Steve Russell and Frank Bert, both HIV-positive, handcuffed themselves to the doors of 50 United Nations Plaza, a federal building in the city’s Civic Center district. Soon, a core group of volunteers joined them to keep vigil 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
A tent kitchen was set up, staffed by volunteers, to feed the protesters, who took turns sleeping on mattresses and tents in front of the building. Over time, the vigil turned into a place where people, whether living with AIDS themselves or struggling to care for or grieve for a loved one, could find camaraderie and comfort.
“When I am out here talking to people about my condition, about my health, it helps me. My family disowned me since I came down with AIDS,” Wes North, who married Bucky Stewart at the vigil in December 1985, told a television news reporter at the time.
According to archival materials about the vigil, the demonstrators listed six demands for federal officials, including publicly recognizing AIDS and condemning AIDS-related discrimination. They also were calling for a “Manhattan Project”-type effort to find an AIDS cure.
“We need $500 million in federal money for research to find a cure,” read one flier handed out by vigil organizers. “We make a moral appeal to the American government to condemn AIDS hysteria and bigotry through education.”
Numerous politicians joined the vigil and were arrested, helping to revive the media’s waning interest in the demonstration. According to old news clippings, gay former San Francisco Supervisor Harry Britt and former Berkeley Mayor Loni Hancock, now a state senator, both were arrested after chaining themselves to the building.
One flier advertised a “Breakfast with Nancy” at the vigil, referring to Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi (D), now the House minority leader. In the summer of 1987, two years into the vigil, Pelosi entered Congress and her main objective at the time was to demand action on AIDS.
It was also a site to collect the names of those lost to AIDS, several of whom died while taking part in the vigil. Both Russell and Bert died prior to the vigil’s end, said several participants.
In November 1985, the annual candlelight march honoring former Supervisor Harvey Milk, the first gay person to win elective office in San Francisco, and former Mayor George Moscone, both of whom were assassinated in City Hall in 1978, ended at the federal building, where marchers attached placards bearing the names of those lost to AIDS on the facade.
Longtime gay-rights activist Cleve Jones, who helped organize the march, conceived of the AIDS Quilt that night, according to a history of the national HIV memorial, as “the wall of names looked like a patchwork quilt.”
More than just an encampment for demonstrators, the vigil also served as a clearinghouse for the latest news about AIDS. The volunteers also used bleach to clean injection-drug-users’ needles and passed out condoms.
“It was an educational experience for me, from the out-of-towners and those from other countries stopping by and thanking us for what we were doing, saying they were not even mentioning AIDS in their state/country, to the times I had to console someone whose partner was suffering from dementia,” said Terrie Frye.
Starting in 1987, Frye spent three years working as an AIDS Vigil volunteer, after she happened to ride her bicycle through UN Plaza and noticed the “mess tent.”
“I was not HIV-positive, and only HIV-positive folks could be members of the vigil, but I wanted to cook for them, and they had a rule that only members were allowed in the mess tent, so they made me an honorary member,” recalled Frye.
The outdoor protest came to an end 10 years after it started, when a severe rainstorm blew away the tent encampment. Just three demonstrators remained at that point, according to media accounts in December 1995.
Since then, the AIDS Vigil has been mostly forgotten to the history books and the fading recollections of participants. During the 25th anniversary of the protest, Frye created an exhibit about it that she displayed during the city’s 2010 Pride festival.
Four years ago, an effort was launched to erect a plaque or monument at the location, but nothing has come of it. And a local filmmaker — who, as a grad student in San Francisco State University’s broadcasting program in the mid-1980s, was part of a crew who interviewed several vigil participants — had tried to pull together a documentary in time to screen on Oct. 27, 2015, to mark the 30th anniversary of the start of the vigil. But he has struggled to line up financing for the film, titled “Not With Standing.”
“The reaction is always, ‘There is no AIDS crisis anymore.’ Nobody cares about AIDS,” said Nick Aquilino, 61, who is gay and HIV-positive and now lives in Sausalito.
With another film about the 1969 Stonewall protests, held over two nights by patrons of the New York City bar, just released, Aquilino doesn’t understand why the years-long demonstration in San Francisco fails to spark similar interest.
“These guys were so determined to gain some kind of acceptance for a disease they didn’t cause,” Aquilino said. “Thirty years ago, this kind of thing wasn’t very common. They weren’t on the street for weeks; they weren’t like the Occupy people and done with their protest and said, ‘Let’s go back to our normal lives.’ These guys who were living there, they were there for 10 years.”
To see archival footage about the AIDS Vigil and interviews with several participants, visit the website for Aquilino’s documentary at http://notwithstandingfilm.com/.
Matthew S. Bajko is an assistant editor at the Bay Area Reporter.